plan 9 from Bell labs

Plan 9 from Bell Labs is a distributed operating system, primarily used for research. It was developed as the research successor to Unix by the Computing Sciences Research Center at Bell Labs between the mid-1980s and 2002. Plan 9 is most notable for representing all system interfaces, including those required for networking and the user-interface, through the filesystem rather than specialized interfaces. Plan 9 aims to provide users with a workstation-independent working environment through the use of the 9P protocols. Plan 9 continues to be used and developed in some circles as a research operating system and by hobbyists.

plan 9

*Note: The manual of programmer guide is incomplete in the setup file only include Vol 1, so obtain complete manual Vol 2A, Vol 2B visit official site of bell labs.

Intel Processor- the new line of high end processor in this era(core i7)

Intel Core i7 is a family of several Intel desktop and laptop 64-bit x86-64 processors, the first processors released using the Intel Nehalem microarchitecture and the successor to the Intel Core 2 family. All three current models and two upcoming models are quad-core processors.The Core i7 identifier applies to the initial family of processors codenamed Bloomfield.Intel representatives state that the moniker Core i7 is meant to help consumers decide which processor to purchase as the newer Nehalem-based products are released in the future.The name continues the use of the Core brand.Core i7, first assembled in Costa Rica,was officially launched on November 17, 2008 and is manufactured in Arizona, New Mexico and Oregon, though the Oregon plant has already moved to the next generation 32 nm process.

The price range of this product varies from 560$ to 1000$(USD). IT is most costly processor ever built in commercial market.

Note: here is only brief description of intel new high end processor, so to get full detailed information about the product then you all should vist intel’s official website.

Ipod Nano 4G

FEATURES ARE:-

(1) A musical Genius.

                                                                                                                   

Say you’re listening to a song you really like and want to hear other tracks that go great with it. The Genius feature finds the songs in your music library that go great together and makes a Genius Playlist for you. It’s like having your own highly intelligent, personal DJ.

 

(2) Rock and roll over.

                                                        

Tilt or turn iPod nano on its side, and you’ll listen, watch, and play in new ways. You can flip through your album art with Cover Flow. Or, vertically speaking, see more albums and artists on the screen at one time.

 

(3) Let the games begin.

Now you can get in on games made especially for iPod nano and the accelerometer. They respond to the way you move, so they’re immersive, addictive, and a blast. iPod nano comes with Maze, which lets you work your way through vast mazes by tilting and moving. You can find even more games on the iTunes Store.

 

(4) Even your photos rock.

        

Pull hundreds of photos from your pocket and share them wherever you go. Hold iPod nano upright and see your photos in portrait view. Turn it on its side to see them in landscape. Your photos look beautiful in their proper aspect ratio on the vibrant, 320-by-240-resolution display.

 

 

 

(5) Shake your groove thing.

Sometimes, we could all use a little unpredictability. And now you can shake to shuffle your music. Just give iPod nano a shake and it shuffles to a different song in your music library. You’ll always be surprised by what you’ll hear.

 

(6) Find your music faster.

It’s even easier to find the song you want to hear. Now you can view your album art in Cover Flow. Or just press and hold the Center button to browse by album or artist. When you find the right song, press the Center button to add it to your on-the-go playlist.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(7) World’s biggest small screen.

Watching movies, TV shows, and videos is big fun on iPod nano. And the high-resolution picture looks crisp and vivid on the 2-inch widescreen display. So you can always have a little video with you.

Indian Team Designs Intel’s First ‘true’ Quad-core Chip

 

Intel released its first “true” quad-core processors on Monday with the introduction of its Xeon 7400 series of server chips, formerly called Dunnington. Designed by Intel engineers in Bangalore, India, the chip lineup includes the company’s first quad-core and six-core chips produced on a single piece of silicon.

The Xeon 7400 series is the first chip to come out of Intel’s Bangalore design center. Established in 2002, the center had previously worked on another Xeon server chip called Whitefield. But that chip never made it to market. It was cancelled in 2005, when Intel revised its product road maps to better compete with Advanced Micro Devices, and the Indian design team soon put its focus on Dunnington.

“This is a tremendous accomplishment,” said Praveen Vishakantaiah, the chief architect of Dunnington, discussing the server chip in a phone interview. “No other team has been able to accomplish something like this so fast.”

Moreover, the Bangalore design center is the first Intel team outside the U.S. to complete the design of a 45-nanometer processor, he said.

The Dunnington chip design marks a technical milestone for Intel, as it uses a monolithic die, the term engineers use to describe putting all of the cores on a single piece of silicon.

Intel’s existing quad-core processor lines use two pieces of silicon, each with two cores, packaged together. That approach made the older quad-core chips easier to produce and avoided the manufacturing difficulties that hampered the release of AMD’s Barcelona chip — an x86 server chip with four cores on a single piece of silicon. Those difficulties were compounded by AMD’s transition to a new 65-nanometer manufacturing process.

Semiconductor manufacturing is as much art as it is science, and chip makers can struggle for months to get high yields from a new manufacturing process.

With the introduction of Dunnington — and the upcoming Nehalem line of quad-core processors that also uses a monolithic design — Intel waited until its 45-nanometer process was in mass production, with any technical difficulties presumably ironed out, before making this transition.

Apple re-releases iTunes 8 for Windows

Apple late Thursday re-released iTunes 8 for Windows to roll back a buggy driver that had been bricking Windows Vista PCs with dreaded “blue screen of death” crashes since Tuesday.

In a support document posted around 8:30 p.m. EDT on Thursday, Apple urged Vista users who had been unable to synchronize their iPods or iPhones using iTunes 8 to uninstall both iTunes and an Apple-provided device driver, then download and reinstall the entire 75MB package yet again.

From Vista’s “Uninstall a Program” control panel, users should ditch the “Apple Mobile Device Support” driver as well as iTunes itself, then restart the PC. “Re-download and install the updated iTunes 8 installer from www.apple.com/itunes/download,” said Apple. “Do not use the iTunes8Setup or iTunes864Setup file you previously downloaded.”

Users running Microsoft ‘s Vista operating system had reported problems almost as soon as the updated iTunes 8 was posted for download Tuesday. According to scores of users on the Apple support forum, plugging in an iPod or iPhone caused Vista to crash, then display the “blue screen of death” (BSOD), a Windows critical error screen best-known for its blue background.

The BSOD message fingered an Apple-provided USB driver—”usbaapl.sys” in the 32-bit version of Vista, “usbaapl64.sys” in the 64-bit edition of the OS—as the culprit. Windows identifies that driver as “Apple Mobile Device Support” in Vista’s uninstaller.

According to Windows blogger Ed Bott, who first reported on the iTunes re-release, Apple simply dumped buggy versions of usbaapl.sys and usbaapl64.sys, and swapped in older editions from a July iTunes update.

Computerworld confirmed that a copy of iTunes 8 downloaded late Thursday, after Apple re-issued the application, installed the same older 31.2KB driver identified by Bott. InComputerworld’s case, however, the usbaapl.sys driver was date-stamped as July 10, not July 22, as Bott said.

Apple released iTunes 7.7 on July 10 as part of its run-up to the iPhone 3G launch, and the unveiling of both the iPhone 2.0 software and the MobileMe online sync and storage service.

Intel’s six-core Dunnington chip hits the market:

Intel’s latest server chips, the Xeon 7400 series, formerly called Dunnington, are now available in six-core and quad-core models designed to be used in systems with four or more processors.

The new chip line offers a performance bump over its predecessor, the Xeon 7200 series, Intel said. Much of that increase comes from adding a 16MB level 3 cache. The 7400 series processors are the first Xeon chips to use a level 3 cache, which stores data closer to the processor cores, helping to boost overall performance.

“With the level 3 cache, that does contain additional performance for some of the high-compute-intensive and data-intensive enterprise applications,” said Adesh Gupta, regional server platform manager at Intel Asia-Pacific.

The extra cores also help. Unlike desktops and laptops that rarely run applications capable of tapping the full processing power of quad-core chips, many server applications, like virtualization, run better on multi-core processors.

The first processors to come out of Intel’s India Design Center in Bangalore, the Xeon 7400 chips run at clock speeds up to 2.66GHz and have either four or six cores. They are priced ranging from $856 to $2,729, in 1,000-unit quantities. Servers based on the chips will be available starting Tuesday from vendors like Hewlett-Packard, IBM and Dell, among others.

The Xeon 7400 contains all six cores on one piece of silicon, while Intel’s existing line of quad-core Xeon chips pack two pieces of silicon inside a single package. This was possible because the 45-nanometer process used to make the new chip reduces the size of the features on a chip, increases performance and reduces power consumption.

“We knew that this process would help us pack in more transistors,” Gupta said.

The Xeon 7400 series is the last member of Intel’s Penryn chip family to be released. Later this year, the company will shift to a new processor architecture called Nehalem.

Like earlier chips, the Xeon 7400 relies on a memory controller located in an external chip, which can cause memory bottlenecks in certain applications. The level 3 cache helps to alleviate this problem, but cannot eliminate it entirely. Nehalem will move the memory controller onto the processor itself, which is likely to speed up memory access considerably.

APPLE IPHONE

 

iPhone 

CPU

CPU: Samsung ARM

Onboard RAM: 512 MB

Maximum RAM: 512 MB

 

Video

Screen: 3.5″ multi-touch

Max Resolution: 480×320

Camera: 2MP

 

Storage

Flash Drive: 4/8 GB

 

Input/Output

USB: via dock connector

Audio Out: stereo 16 bit mini

Speaker: mono

Microphone: mono

 

Networking

Airport Extreme: included

Bluetooth: 2.0+EDR

 

Miscellaneous

Codename: iphone

Battery Life: Talk 8 hrs, Standby 250 hrs, Internet 6 hrs, Video 7 hrs, Audio 24 hrs

Dimensions: 4.5″ H x 2.4″ W x 0.46″ D

Weight: 0.3 lbs.

Maximum OS: iPhone OS 1.0.2 (OS X-based)

Minimum OS: iPhone OS 1.0 (OS X-based)

Introduced: June 2007

Announced in January 2007 and released the following June, the iPhone marked Apple’s entry into the cellular phone marketplace. Described by Steve Jobs as “a wide-screen iPod with hand controls… a revolutionary mobile phone… [and] a breakthrough Internet communications device,” the iPhone was the first Apple-branded consumer device to run on OS X. Based around a touch-based user interface with a single button, the iPhone was controlled using a variety of one- and two-finger gestured. It included a custom version of Safari that allowed full browsing of any web page, a revamped iPod interface with CoverFlow, integrated access to YouTube and Google Maps, an iChat-like SMS text-messaging interface (iChat itself was missing from the initial release), and a standard set of cellphone apps, such as a calendar, an address book and a calculator.

The iPhone was available exclusively with AT&T voice/data plans, and was limited to EDGE-based network access, rather than the faster 3G wireless networking standard. This was mitigated somewhat by an integrated 802.11g WiFi chipset, which allowed for faster browsing on any available WiFi network.

Though the iPhone officially only supported web-based applications from third-party developers, an underground development effort was quickly organized, and within a few months native 3rd party applications were widely available. Warantee-breaking hardware modifications to “unlock” the iPhone from the AT&T network were also uncovered. The iPhone was sold in two configurations: a 4GB model sold for $499, and an 8GB model for $599.

Intel Xeon 510- PROCESSOR

1) Mac Pro

 

CPU

CPU: Intel Xeon 5100

CPU Speed: 2×2.6 GHz (dual-core)

FPU: integrated

Bus Speed: 1.33 GHz

Data Path: 64 bit

ROM: EFI

RAM Type: DDR2 FB-DIMM

Minimum RAM Speed: 667 MHz

Onboard RAM: 0 MB

RAM slots: 8

Maximum RAM: 16 GB

Level 1 Cache: 32 kB data, 32 kB instruction

Level 2 Cache: 4 MB (per processor) on-chip, 1:1

Expansion Slots: 3x 16-lane PCI Express

 

Video

Video Card/Chipset: Nvidia GeForce 7300GT (16-lane double-wide PCI Express slot)

VRAM: 256 MB

Max Resolution: all resolutions supported

Video Out: DVI (dual link)

 

Storage

Hard Drive: 250 GB 7200 RPM

ATA Bus: Serial-ATA

Optical Drive: 32x/24x/24x/16x/16x/6x CD-RW/DVD±RW/DVD+R DL

 

Input/Output

USB: 5 (2.0)

Firewire: 2

Firewire800: 2

Audio Out: 2x stereo 16 bit mini, Optical S/PDIF

Audio In: stereo 16 bit mini, Optical S/PDIF

Speaker: mono

 

Networking

Modem: optional external 56 kbps

Ethernet: 2x 10/100/1000Base-T

Airport Extreme: optional

Bluetooth: optional 2.0+EDR

 

Miscellaneous

Codename: ?

Gestalt ID: 406

Dimensions: 20.1″ H x 8.1″ W x 18.7″ D

Weight: 42.4 lbs.

Maximum OS: 10.4.11

Minimum OS: 10.4.7

Introduced: August 2006

Announced at WWDC in August 2006, the Mac Pro completed Apple’s transition to Intel processors, replacing the PowerMac G5 (Late 2005) as Apple’s professional desktop Mac. The Mac Pro was based on two 64-bit, dual-core Intel Xeon 5100 “Woodcrest” processors, which included a 128-bit Vector Engine. The Mac Pro’s case resembled its PowerMac predecessor’s–with the exception of a second optical drive bay–but the interior of the case was completely redesigned. The Xeon processors required less heat-dissapation than G5 processors, allowing a smaller cooling system. The Mac Pro had four easily accessible hard drive bays (for a BTO maximum of 2 TB of storage) and easy access to its 8 RAM slots, which allowed for a Maximum of 16 GB of RAM.

With the Mac Pro, Apple decided to do something different in terms of configuration. Since the majority of Apple’s professional customers tended to heavily-customize their Macs at purchase time, Apple offered a single, heavily customizable Mac Pro model. In effect, this shifted the decision-making for what configurations to sell to the resellers, leaving Apple with a streamlined manufacturing process. The single model sold for $2,499, and included two 2.66 GHz, dual-core Intel Xeon 5100 processors, 1 GB of RAM, a 250 MB hard disk, a SuperDrive, and an Nvidia GeForce 7300GT graphics card with 256MB of VRAM. BTO options included 2.0 and 3.0 GHz processors, up to 16 GB of RAM, up to 2 TB of storage, a second SuperDrive, a variety of graphics cards, and Airport Express and Bluetooth support.

2) Xserve (Late 2006)

 

CPU

CPU: Intel Xeon 5100

CPU Speed: 2×2.0 GHz

FPU: integrated

Bus Speed: 1.33 GHz

Data Path: 64 bit

ROM: EFI

RAM Type: DDR2 ECC FB-DIMM

Minimum RAM Speed: 667 MHz

Onboard RAM: 0 MB

RAM slots: 8

Maximum RAM: 32.0 GB

Level 1 Cache: 32 kB data, 32 kB instruction

Level 2 Cache: 4 MB on-chip, 1:1

Expansion Slots: 2 x8 PCI Express

 

Video

Video Card/Chipset: ATI Radeon X1300

VRAM: 64 MB

Video Out: mini-DVI

 

Storage

Hard Drive: 80 GB 7200 RPM (3 hot-pluggable bays, up to 2.25 TB)

ATA Bus: 3x Serial ATA

Optical Drive: 24x ComboDrive

 

Input/Output

USB: 2 (2.0)

Serial: DB-9

Firewire: 1

Firewire800: 2

Speaker: mono

 

Networking

Ethernet: 2x 10/100/1000Base-T

 

Miscellaneous

Codename: ?

Gestalt ID: 406

Power: 650 Watts

Dimensions: 1.73″ H x 17.6″ W x 30″ D

Weight: 31.7 lbs.

Maximum OS: 10.4.11

Minimum OS: 10.4.8

Introduced: November 2006

 

Notes

One of the x8 PCI Express slots could also be configured as a 133MHz PCI-X slot.

Announced in August 2006 but shipped in November, the Xserve (Late 2006) was the first new XServe in over two years, and replaced the Xserve G5. The most obvious change was that the Xserve (Late 2006) was built around two dual-core Intel Xeon 5100 processors, completing Apple’s transition to Intel. It shipped in a single, highly customizable model, with a base price of $2999. BTO options included an 8x DL SuperDrive, up to 2.2 TB of storage, via three hot-swappable bays, 32 GB of RAM via 8 slots, Fibre Channel PCI Express and Dual-Channel Ultra320 SCSI PCI-X cards, and an Xserve RAID card.

Intel Core2 Duo- PROCESSOR

1) iMac (Late 2006)

 

CPU

CPU: Intel Core2 Duo

CPU Speed: 1.83/2.0/2.16 GHz (dual core)

FPU: integrated

Bus Speed: 667 MHz

Data Path: 64 bit

ROM: EFI

RAM Type: PC2-5300 DDR2 SDRAM

Minimum RAM Speed: 667 MHz

Onboard RAM: 0

RAM slots: 2

Maximum RAM: 2.0 GB

Level 1 Cache: 32 kB data, 32 kB instruction

Level 2 Cache: 2.0 MB on-chip, 1:1

 

Video

Screen: 17/20/24″ LCD

Video Card/Chipset: ATI Radeon X1600 (PCI Express)

VRAM: 128 MB (GDDR3)

Max Resolution: 24 bit 1440×900/1680×1050/1920×1200

Video Out: mini-DVI

Camera: iSight

 

Storage

Hard Drive: 160/250 GB 7200 RPM

ATA Bus: Serial-ATA

Optical Drive: 24x/24x/8x/8x/4x/2.4x CD-RW/DVD±RW/DVD+R DL

 

Input/Output

USB: 3 2.0

Firewire: 2

Audio Out: stereo/optical 16 bit mini

Audio In: stereo/optical 16 bit mini

Speaker: stereo

Microphone: mono

 

Networking

Ethernet: 10/100/1000Base-T

Airport Extreme: standard

Bluetooth: internal 2.0+EDR

 

Miscellaneous

Codename: ?

Gestalt ID: 406

Power: 180 Watts

Dimensions: 16.9″ H x 16.8″ W x 6.8″ D

Weight: 15.5 lbs.

Maximum OS: 10.4.11

Minimum OS: 10.4.7

Introduced: September 2006

Terminated: August 2007

 

Notes

The 1.83 GHz model used the Intel Intel GMA950 graphics chipset, had a 24x/24x/16x/8x CD-RW/DVD-ROM “Combo” drive, and did not include Bluetooth. Though reported as a 64 MB graphics system, the chipset actually used a minimum of 80 MB of RAM, resulting in a maximum of 432 MB of RAM available for system use in the base system. The 20″ model had the following dimensions and weight: 18.6″ H x 19.4″ W x 7.4 D, 22 lbs. The 24″ model used an NVIDIA GeForce 7300GT graphics card with 128 MB of VRAM (a 256MB NVIDIA GeForce 7600 GT was available as a BTO option), and had one FireWire 400 and one FireWire 800 port. It had the following dimensions and weight: 20.6″ H x 22.6″ W x 8.1 D, 24.7 lbs.

Announced in September 2006, the iMac (Late 2006) unified the iMac (Early 2006) and iMac (Mid 2006) lines in to a single product line, upgrading the processor of all models to Intel Core2 Duo and adding a 24″ high-end model in the process. The iMac (Late 2006) was available in 4 configurations. The low-end 17″ 1.83 GHz model, previously available only to the education market, had a less expensive graphics chipset, no onboard Bluetooth, 512 MB of RAM and a 160 GB hard drive, and sold for $999. The 17″ 2.0 GHz added a faster ATI Radeon X1600 graphics card, 1 GB of RAM, Bluetooth, an Apple Remote, and a SuperDrive for $1,199. The 2.16 GHz 20″ model added a larger screen and included a 250 GB hard drive, for $1,499. Finally, a new 2.16 GHz 24″ model included a faster NVIDIA GeForce 7300GT graphics card and a FireWire 800 port for $1,999. All models included an integrated iSight camera, and BTO configurations allowed processors as fast as 2.33 GHz. All models were replaced in August 2007 with the release of the iMac (Mid 2007).

2) iMac (Mid 2007)

 

CPU

CPU: Intel Core2 Duo

CPU Speed: 2.0/2.4 GHz (dual core)

FPU: integrated

Bus Speed: 667 MHz

Data Path: 64 bit

ROM: EFI

RAM Type: PC2-5300 DDR2 SDRAM

Minimum RAM Speed: 667 MHz

Onboard RAM: 0

RAM slots: 2

Maximum RAM: 4.0 GB

Level 1 Cache: 32 kB data, 32 kB instruction

Level 2 Cache: 4 MB on-chip, 1:1

 

Video

Screen: 20/24″ LCD

Video Card/Chipset: ATI Radeon HD 2600 PRO

VRAM: 256

Max Resolution: 24 bit 1680×1050/1920×1200

Video Out: mini-DVI

Camera: iSight

 

Storage

Hard Drive: 250/320 GB 7200 RPM

ATA Bus: Serial-ATA

Optical Drive: 24x/24x/16x/8x/8x/6x/4x CD-RW/DVD±RW/DVD+R DL

 

Input/Output

USB: 3 2.0

Firewire: 1

Firewire800: 1

Audio Out: stereo/optical 16 bit mini

Audio In: stereo/optical 16 bit mini

Speaker: stereo

Microphone: mono

 

Networking

Ethernet: 10/100/1000Base-T

Airport Extreme: 802.11n

Bluetooth: internal 2.0+EDR

 

Miscellaneous

Codename: ?

Gestalt ID: 406

Power: 200 Watts

Dimensions: 18.5″ H x 19.1″ W x 7.4″ D

Weight: 20 lbs.

Maximum OS: 10.4.11

Minimum OS: 10.4.7

Introduced: August 2007

 

Notes

The 20″ 2.0 GHz model used a 128 MB ATI Radeon HD 2400 XT graphics chipset, and had a 250 GB 7200 RPM S-ATA hard disk. The 24″ model weighed 25.4 pounds, consumed 280 watts of power, and had the following dimensions: 20.5″ H x 22.4″ W x 8.1″ D.

Under the hood, the iMac (Mid 2007) was just a speed-bump of the iMac (Late 2006), but it also included a full case redesign. Announced in August 2007, The iMac (Mid 2007) featured a striking new aluminum case design made clear reference to the recently released iPhone. The iMac (Mid 2007) also included a new, extremeley-thin aluminum keyboard. The iMac (Mid 2007) shipped in three configurations: 20″/2.0 GHz/1 GB RAM/250 GB HD/128 MB VRAM/SuperDrive/$1199, 20″/2.4 GHz/1 GB RAM/320 GB HD/256 MB VRAM/SuperDrive/$1499, and 24″/2.4 GHz/1 GB RAM/320 GB HD/256 MB VRAM/SuperDrive/$1799. A high-end BTO model was also available, with a 2.8 GHz Intel Core2 Duo Extreme processor and a 500 GB hard drive, for $2299.

3) MacBook Pro (Late 2006)

 

CPU

CPU: Intel Core2 Duo

CPU Speed: 2.16/2.33 GHz

FPU: integrated

Bus Speed: 667 MHz

Data Path: 64 bit

ROM: EFI

RAM Type: PC2-5300 SO-DIMM

Minimum RAM Speed: 667 MHz

Onboard RAM: 0 MB

RAM slots: 2

Maximum RAM: 3 GB

Level 1 Cache: 32 kB data, 32 kB instruction

Level 2 Cache: 4 MB onchip, 1:1

Expansion Slots: 1 ExpressCard/34

 

Video

Screen: 15.4/17″ active matrix TFT

Video Card/Chipset: ATI Mobility Radeon X1600

VRAM: 128/256 MB GDDR3

Max Resolution: 24 bit 1440×900/1680×1050

Video Out: dual-link DVI

Camera: iSight

 

Storage

Hard Drive: 120/160 GB 5400 RPM (w/SMS) (100/7200, 160/5400 and 200/4200 available BTO)

ATA Bus: Serial-ATA

Optical Drive: 24x/24x/10x/8x/6x/4x/2.4x CD-RW/DVD±RW/DVD+R DL DL

 

Input/Output

USB: 2/3 2.0

Firewire: 1

Firewire800: 1

Audio Out: 16 bit stereo mini, Optical S/PDIF

Audio In: 16 bit stereo mini, Optical S/PDIF

Speaker: stereo

Microphone: mono

 

Networking

Ethernet: 10/100/1000BaseT

Airport Extreme: included (802.11n available via paid software upgrade)

Bluetooth: internal 2.0+EDR

 

Miscellaneous

Codename: ?

Gestalt ID: 406

Power: 85 Watts

Dimensions: 1.0″ H x 14.1″ W x 9.6″ D

Weight: 5.6 lbs.

Maximum OS: 10.4.11

Minimum OS: 10.4.4

Introduced: October 2006

Terminated: June 2007

 

Notes

The 17.1″ model had a 160 GB hard drive, a faster 24x/24x/16x/8x/8x/8x/8x CD-RW/DVD±RW/DVD+R DL SuperDrive, three 2.0 USB ports, and the following dimensions: 1″ H x 15.4″ W x 10.2″ D.

Introduced in October 2006, the MacBook Pro (Late 2006) was essentially a speed-bump of the MacBook Pro and MacBook Pro (17-inch) models to include faster Intel Core2 Duo processors. The 15.4″ model also (re)gained a firewire800 port and a dual-layer SuperDrive. The MacBook Pro (Late 2006) shipped in three configurations: 15.4″/2.16 GHz/1 GB HD/120 GB RAM/128 MB VRAM/$1999, 15.4″/2.33 GHz/2 GB HD/120 GB RAM/256 MB VRAM/$2499, and 17″/2.33 GHz/2 GB HD/160 GB RAM/256 MB VRAM/$2799. All models were replaced in June 2007 by the MacBook Pro (Mid 2007).

Intel Core Duo- PROCESSOR

1) iMac (Early 2006)

 

CPU

CPU: Intel Core Duo

CPU Speed: 1.83/2.0 GHz (dual core)

FPU: integrated

Bus Speed: 667 MHz

Data Path: 64 bit

ROM: EFI

RAM Type: PC2-5300 DDR2 SDRAM

Minimum RAM Speed: 667 MHz

Onboard RAM: 0

RAM slots: 2

Maximum RAM: 2.0 GB

Level 1 Cache: 32 kB data, 32 kB instruction

Level 2 Cache: 2.0 MB on-chip, 1:1

 

Video

Screen: 17/20″ LCD

Video Card/Chipset: ATI Radeon X1600 (PCI Express)

VRAM: 128 MB (GDDR3)

Max Resolution: 24 bit 1440×900/1680×1050

Video Out: mini-DVI

Camera: iSight

 

Storage

Hard Drive: 160/250 GB 7200 RPM

ATA Bus: Serial-ATA

Optical Drive: 24x/24x/8x/8x/4x/2.4x CD-RW/DVD±RW/DVD+R DL

 

Input/Output

USB: 3 2.0

Firewire: 2

Audio Out: stereo/optical 16 bit mini

Audio In: stereo/optical 16 bit mini

Speaker: stereo

Microphone: mono

 

Networking

Ethernet: 10/100/1000Base-T

Airport Extreme: standard

Bluetooth: internal 2.0+EDR

 

Miscellaneous

Codename: ?

Gestalt ID: 406

Power: 180 Watts

Dimensions: 16.9″ H x 16.8″ W x 6.8″ D

Weight: 15.5 lbs.

Maximum OS: 10.4.11

Minimum OS: 10.4.4

Introduced: January 2006

Terminated: September 2006

 

Notes

The 20″ model had the following dimensions and weight: 18.6″ H x 19.4″ W x 7.4″ D, 22 lbs. 256 MB of VRAM was available for both models as a BTO option.

Announced in January 2006 alongside the MacBook Pro, the iMac (Early 2006) was the first desktop Mac based on an Intel processor. Running on the Intel Core Duo processor, which had two processor cores on a single chip, the iMac (Early 2006) was significantly faster than its predecessor, the iMac (iSight), when running Intel-compiled code. It also features faster bus and memory speeds, a better graphics chip set, and a mini-DVI port which featured monitor spanning (a first for consumer Macs). It was available in two configurations: the 17″ model, with a 1.83 GHz Core Duo processor was $1299, and the 20″ model, running at 2.0 GHz, was $1699. The iMac (Early 2006) was discontinued in September 2006, following the release of the Core2 Duo-based iMac (Late 2006).

2) iMac (Mid 2006)

 

CPU

CPU: Intel Core Duo

CPU Speed: 1.83 GHz (dual core)

FPU: integrated

Bus Speed: 667 MHz

Data Path: 64 bit

ROM: EFI

RAM Type: PC2-5300 DDR2 SDRAM

Minimum RAM Speed: 667 MHz

Onboard RAM: 0

RAM slots: 2

Maximum RAM: 2.0 GB

Level 1 Cache: 32 kB data, 32 kB instruction

Level 2 Cache: 2.0 MB on-chip, 1:1

 

Video

Screen: 17″ LCD

Video Card/Chipset: Intel GMA950

VRAM: 64 MB (see notes)

Max Resolution: 24 bit 1440×900

Video Out: mini-DVI

Camera: iSight

 

Storage

Hard Drive: 80 GB 7200 RPM

ATA Bus: Serial-ATA

Optical Drive: 24x/24x/16x/8x CD-RW/DVD-ROM

 

Input/Output

USB: 3 2.0

Firewire: 2

Audio Out: stereo/optical 16 bit mini

Audio In: stereo/optical 16 bit mini

Speaker: stereo

Microphone: mono

 

Networking

Ethernet: 10/100/1000Base-T

Airport Extreme: standard

 

Miscellaneous

Codename: ?

Gestalt ID: 406

Power: 180 Watts

Dimensions: 16.9″ H x 16.8″ W x 6.8″ D

Weight: 15.5 lbs.

Maximum OS: 10.4.11

Minimum OS: 10.4.7

Introduced: July 2006

Terminated: September 2006

 

Notes

The iMac (Mid 2006) used an Intel graphics chipset, which used a portion of main memory. Though reported as a 64 MB graphics system, the chipset actually used a minimum of 80 MB of RAM, resulting in a maximum of 432 MB of RAM available for system use in the system.

Announced in July 2006, the iMac (Mid 2006) was released exclusively into the Education market as a replacement for the long out-of-date iMac (Early 2006) siblings. It sold for $899, and was discontinued in September 2006, when it was folded into the iMac (Late 2006) product line.

3) Mac mini (Late 2006)

 

CPU

CPU: Intel Core Duo

CPU Speed: 1.66/1.83

FPU: integrated

Bus Speed: 667 MHz

Data Path: 64 bit

ROM: EFI

RAM Type: PC2-5300 DDR2 SDRAM

Minimum RAM Speed: 667 MHz

Onboard RAM: 0 MB

RAM slots: 2

Maximum RAM: 2 GB

Level 1 Cache: 32 kB data, 32 kB instruction

Level 2 Cache: 2 MB on-chip, 1:1

 

Video

Video Card/Chipset: Intel GMA950

VRAM: 64 MB shared (see notes)

Max Resolution: 24 bit, 1920×1200 (DVI) 1920 x 1080 (VGA)

Video Out: DVI

 

Storage

Hard Drive: 60/80 GB (2.5″, 5400 RPM)

ATA Bus: Serial ATA

Optical Drive: ComboDrive/SuperDrive (see notes)

 

Input/Output

USB: 4 (2.0)

Firewire: 1

Audio Out: stereo 16 bit mini, Optical S/PDIF

Audio In: stereo 16 bit mini, Optical S/PDIF

Speaker: mono

 

Networking

Modem: optional USB 56kbps

Ethernet: 10/100/1000Base-T

Airport Extreme: built-in

Bluetooth: built-in 2.0+EDR

 

Miscellaneous

Codename: ?

Gestalt ID: 406

Power: 110 Watts

Dimensions: 2″ H x 6.5″ W x 6.5″ D

Weight: 2.9 lbs.

Maximum OS: 10.4.11

Minimum OS: 10.4.5

Introduced: September 2006

Terminated: August 2007

 

Notes

Both models used a new Intel graphics chipset, which used a portion of main memory. Though reported as a 64 MB graphics system, the chipset actually used a minimum of 80 MB of RAM, resulting in a maximum of 432 MB of RAM available for system use in the base system. The low end model had a 24x/24x/16x/8x Combo CD-RW/DVD-ROM drive, and the high end model had a 24x/24x/16x/8x/8x/4x/2.4x CD-RW/DVD±RW/DVD+R DL SuperDrive.

The Mac mini (Late 2006) was a speed-bump to the previous Mac mini (Early 2006). The the low-end configuration was upgraded to a 1.66 GHz Core Duo processor, and the high-end configuration to a 1.83 Core Duo processor. Prices and other specifications were unchanged. Both models were replaced in August 2007 by the Mac mini (Mid 2007).

4) MacBook

 

CPU

CPU: Intel Core Duo

CPU Speed: 1.83/2.0 GHz

FPU: integrated

Bus Speed: 667 MHz

Data Path: 64 bit

ROM: EFI

RAM Type: PC2-5300 SO-DIMM

Minimum RAM Speed: 667 MHz

Onboard RAM: 0 MB

RAM slots: 2

Maximum RAM: 2 GB

Level 1 Cache: 32 kB data, 32 kB instruction

Level 2 Cache: 2 MB onchip, 1:1

 

Video

Screen: 13.3″ active matrix TFT

Video Card/Chipset: Intel GMA950

VRAM: 64 MB shared (see notes)

Max Resolution: 24 bit 1280×800

Video Out: mini-DVI

Camera: iSight

 

Storage

Hard Drive: 60/80 GB 5400 RPM (w/SMS) (100/120 GB 5400 rpm BTO)

ATA Bus: Serial-ATA

Optical Drive: 24x/24x/10x/8x/4x/4x CD-RW/DVD±RW

 

Input/Output

USB: 2 2.0

Firewire: 1

Audio Out: 16 bit stereo mini, Optical S/PDIF

Audio In: 16 bit stereo mini, Optical S/PDIF

Speaker: stereo

Microphone: mono

 

Networking

Ethernet: 10/100/1000BaseT

Airport Extreme: included

Bluetooth: internal 2.0+EDR

 

Miscellaneous

Codename: ?

Gestalt ID: 406

Power: 60 Watts

Dimensions: 1.08″ H x 12.78″ W x 8.92″ D

Weight: 5.2 lbs.

Maximum OS: 10.4.11

Minimum OS: 10.4.6

Introduced: May 2006

Terminated: November 2006

 

Notes

The MacBook’s graphics chipset used a portion of main memory as VRAM. Though reported as a 64 MB graphics system, the chipset actually used a minimum of 80 MB of RAM, resulting in a maximum of 432 MB of RAM available for system use in the base system.

Announced in May 2006, The MacBook replaced the existing 12- and 14-inch iBooks and 12-inch PowerBookmodel, completing the transition of Apple’s portable computers to Intel Processors. The MacBook shipped in a newly-designed case, built around a 13.3-inch “glossy” LCD panel, and included many of the system enhancements of the previously announced MacBook Pro: a dual core Intel Core Duo processor, a faster 667 MHz bus speed, a faster and larger Serial-ATA hard drive, an integrated iSight camera, a MagSafe power adaptor, and a bundled remote control with Apple’s Front Row Software. It also included some features previously found only on Apple’s professional laptops: optical audio in/out, a DVI port capable of monitor-spanning, and Gigabit Ethernet. Two features unique to the MacBook were a magnetic latching system with no moving parts, and a resigned recessed keyboard. One potential drawback to the new MacBook was that its graphic chipset used a portion of main memory, resulting in less RAM available for system tasks. This was offset, however, by the MacBook’s two RAM slots, which allowed the installation of up to 2 GB of memory.

The MacBook shipped in three configurations. The low-end model, with a 1.83 GHz Core Duo processor, 512 MB of RAM, a 60 GB hard drive, and a CD-RW/DVD-ROM Combo Drive, sold for $1,099. The middle-end model, with a 2.0 GHz Core Duo processor, 512 MB of RAM, a 60 GB hard drive, and a CD-RW/DVD±RW SuperDrive, sold for $1,299. Finally, a high-end model shipped in a black case (the first black Apple portable in more than five years). It improved upon the middle-end model with an 80 GB hard drive, and sold for $1,499. All models were replaced in November 2006 by the Mac Book (Late 2006).

5) MacBook Pro

 

CPU

CPU: Intel Core Duo

CPU Speed: 1.83/2.0/2.16 GHz

FPU: integrated

Bus Speed: 667 MHz

Data Path: 64 bit

ROM: 1 MB ROM + 3 MB toolbox ROM loaded into RAM

RAM Type: PC2-5300 SO-DIMM

Minimum RAM Speed: 667 MHz

Onboard RAM: 0 MB

RAM slots: 2

Maximum RAM: 2 GB

Level 1 Cache: 32 kB data, 32 kB instruction

Level 2 Cache: 2 MB onchip, 1:1

Expansion Slots: 1 ExpressCard/34

 

Video

Screen: 15.4″ active matrix TFT

Video Card/Chipset: ATI Mobility Radeon X1600

VRAM: 128/256 MB GDDR3

Max Resolution: 24 bit 1440×900

Video Out: dual-link DVI

Camera: iSight

 

Storage

Hard Drive: 80/100 GB 5400 RPM (w/SMS) (120 GB 5400 rpm or 100 GB 7200 rpm BTO)

ATA Bus: Serial-ATA

Optical Drive: 24x/24x/10x/8x/4x/4x CD-RW/DVD±RW

 

Input/Output

USB: 2 2.0

Firewire: 1

Audio Out: 16 bit stereo mini, Optical S/PDIF

Audio In: 16 bit stereo mini, Optical S/PDIF

Speaker: stereo

Microphone: mono

 

Networking

Ethernet: 10/100/1000BaseT

Airport Extreme: included

Bluetooth: internal 2.0+EDR

 

Miscellaneous

Codename: ?

Gestalt ID: 406

Power: 85 Watts

Dimensions: 1.0″ H x 14.1″ W x 9.6″ D

Weight: 5.6 lbs.

Maximum OS: 10.4.11

Minimum OS: 10.4.4

Introduced: January 2006

Terminated: October 2006

Announced in January 2006, the MacBook Pro was the first portable Mac to use Intel Processors. The name for Apple’s professional portable was ostensibly changed from PowerBook because Apple felt that all Macintoshes should have “Mac” in their product names, but was probably chosen because the Mac Book Pro no longer used a PowerPC processor—Though the PowerBook name predates the use of PowerPC processors, it was used in the naming of the Power Macintosh line to differentiate it from the previous 68k Macs.

Though the MacBook Pro included a number of enhancements to the final iteration of the PowerBook G4—a thinner case, a built-in iSight camera, a remote control with Apple’s Front Row home media center software, an ExpressCard/34 slot, improved wireless reception, a larger screen and the new “MagSafe” power connector designed to be less prone to damage—there were also some notable omissions. The MacBook Pro no longer included FireWire800, s-video or modem ports (a USB modem was available separately), and the slot-loading SuperDrive no longer supported dual-layer DVD+R media. Though it shipped with a Serial-ATA bus, the hard drive capacity was reduced from 120 GB to 80 or 100 GB.

The big news, however, was that the MacBook Pro included a dual-core processor, a first for an Apple portable. Though announced at 1.67 and 1.83 GHz, the MacBook Pro actually shipped with 1.83 or 2.0 GHz Intel Core Duo processors, with a 2.16 GHz processor available as a BTO option. The MacBook Pro shipped in two configurations: 1.83 GHz/80 GB/$1999 and 2.0 GHz/100 GB/$2499. Both configurations were speed-bumped in May 2006 to 2.0 GHz and 2.16 GHz, respectively, and were made available with a glossy screen as a BTO option. It was replaced in October 2006 by the Mac Book Pro (Late 2006).

6)MacBook Pro (17-inch)

 

CPU

CPU: Intel Core Duo

CPU Speed: 2.16 GHz

FPU: integrated

Bus Speed: 667 MHz

Data Path: 64 bit

ROM: EFI

RAM Type: PC2-5300 SO-DIMM

Minimum RAM Speed: 667 MHz

Onboard RAM: 0 MB

RAM slots: 2

Maximum RAM: 2 GB

Level 1 Cache: 32 kB data, 32 kB instruction

Level 2 Cache: 2 MB onchip, 1:1

Expansion Slots: 1 ExpressCard/34

 

Video

Screen: 17″ active matrix TFT

Video Card/Chipset: ATI Mobility Radeon X1600

VRAM: 256 MB GDDR3

Max Resolution: 24 bit 1680×1050

Video Out: dual-link DVI

Camera: iSight

 

Storage

Hard Drive: 120 GB 5400 RPM (w/SMS)

ATA Bus: Serial-ATA

Optical Drive: 24x/24x/16x/8x/8x/4x/2.4x DVD+R DL/DVD±RW/CD-RW

 

Input/Output

USB: 3 2.0

Firewire: 1

Firewire800: 1

Audio Out: 16 bit stereo mini, Optical S/PDIF

Audio In: 16 bit stereo mini, Optical S/PDIF

Speaker: stereo

Microphone: mono

 

Networking

Ethernet: 10/100/1000BaseT

Airport Extreme: included

Bluetooth: internal 2.0+EDR

 

Miscellaneous

Codename: ?

Gestalt ID: 406

Power: 85 Watts

Dimensions: 1.0″ H x 15.4″ W x 10.4″ D

Weight: 6.8 lbs.

Maximum OS: 10.4.11

Minimum OS: 10.4.5

Introduced: April 2006

Terminated: October 2006

Announced in April 2006, the MacBook Pro (17-inch) moved Apple’s flagship notebook model to the Intel platform. In addition to all the improvements of the 15.4″ MacBook Proannounced a few months earlier—a dual core processor, an integrated iSight camera, a MagSafe power adaptor, and a bundled remote control with Apple’s Front Row software—The 17-inch model included a faster, dual-layer SuperDrive, a FireWire 800 port, and an additional USB 2.0 port. It shipped in a single dual-core 2.16 GHz configuration, with 1 GB of RAM and an a 120 GB hard drive, for $2,799. It was replaced in October 2006 by the Mac Book Pro (Late 2006).